Misunderstanding Computers

Why do we insist on seeing the computer as a magic box for controlling other people?
人はどうしてコンピュータを、人を制する魔法の箱として考えたいのですか?
Why do we want so much to control others when we won't control ourselves?
どうしてそれほど、自分を制しないのに、人をコントロールしたいのですか?

Computer memory is just fancy paper, CPUs are just fancy pens with fancy erasers, and the network is just a fancy backyard fence.
コンピュータの記憶というものはただ改良した紙ですし、CPU 何て特長ある筆に特殊の消しゴムがついたものにすぎないし、ネットワークそのものは裏庭の塀が少し拡大されたものぐらいです。

(original post/元の投稿 -- defining computers site/コンピュータを定義しようのサイト)

Saturday, May 6, 2023

No, Higher Costs Were Not the Real Reason for the 8088 in the IBM 5051

[This is a reply to a comment on Hackaday: https://hackaday.io/project/190838-ibm-pc-8088-replaced-with-a-motorola-68000]

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For some reason, I can't reply directly to your comment with the eejournal opinion piece [https://www.eejournal.com/article/how-the-intel-8088-got-its-bus/], but I suspect my earlier comment was too brief.

Let me try that again:

The 68000 had built-in support for 8-bit peripheral devices, both in the bus signals and the instruction set. Most of the popular implementations, including the Mac, made heavy use of 8-bit parts, and Motorola had application notes on interfacing other company's 8-bit devices as well as their own. You could mix 8-bit peripherals and 16-bit memory without stretching.

Motorola even had an app-note about interfacing the 68000 directly to 8-bit memory, but any decent engineer would have looked at the note and realized that the cost of 16-bit memory was not really enough to justify hobbling the 68000 to 8-bit memory.  That's one of the reasons the 68008 didn't come out until a couple of years later, and the primary reason that very few people used it. There was no good engineering reason for it.

Well, there was one meaningful cost of 16-bit wide memory: You couldn't really build your introductory entry-level model with 4 kB of RAM using just eight 4 kilobit dRAMs. (cough. MC-10.) You were forced to the next level up, 8 kB. 

IBM knew that the cost of RAM was coming down, and that they would be delivering relatively few with the base 16 kB RAM (16 kilobit by 8 wide) configuration. Starting at 32 kB (16 kilobit by 16) would not have killed the product. Similarly, the cost of the 68000 would come down, and they knew that.

Management was scared of that.

Something you don't find easily on the Internet about the history of the IBM Instruments S9000 was when the project started. My recollection was that it started before the 5150. It was definitely not later. It had much more ambitious goals, and a much higher projected price tag, much more in line with IBM's minicomputer series. There was a reason for the time it took to develop and the price they sold it at. But even many of the sales force in the computer industry didn't understand the cost of software and other intangible development costs.

Consider how much damage the 5150 did to IBM's existing desktop and minicomputer lines. Word Processing? Word Perfect was one of the early killer apps for the 8088-based PC. Spreadsheet? Etc.

IBM management knew too well that if they sold the 5150 with a 68000 in it instead of the 8088, a lot of their minicomputer customers were going to be complaining to high heavens about the price difference. They knew the answer, but their experience showed them that the too many of the customers would not believe it.

That was the real reason. They hoped the 8088 would be limited enough to give them time to maintain control of the market disruption.

I think they were wrong. But it would have taken a level of foresight and vision that very few of management withing IBM had.(very few outside IBM, either.), to take the bull by the horns and drive the disruption.

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Anyway, my point was that higher cost wasn't the real reason any more than the (at the time, much-rumored) technical deficiencies of the 68000.

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